2,576 research outputs found
Effect of Finite Granularity of Detectors on Anisotropy Coefficients
The coefficients that describe the anisotropy in the azimuthal distribution
of particles are lower when the particles are recorded in a detector with
finite granularity and measures only hits. This arises due to loss of
information because of multiple hits in any channel. The magnitude of this loss
of signal depends both on the occupancy and on the value of the coefficient.
These correction factors are obtained for analysis methods differing in detail,
and are found to be different.Comment: 11 pages including 2 figure
J/psi azimuthal anisotropy relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon
The J/ azimuthal distribution relative to the reaction plane has been
measured by the NA50 experiment in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon. Various
physical mechanisms related to charmonium dissociation in the medium created in
the heavy ion collision are expected to introduce an anisotropy in the
azimuthal distribution of the observed J/ mesons at SPS energies. Hence,
the measurement of J/ elliptic anisotropy, quantified by the Fourier
coefficient v of the J/ azimuthal distribution relative to the
reaction plane, is an important tool to constrain theoretical models aimed at
explaining the anomalous J/ suppression observed in Pb-Pb collisions. We
present the measured J/ yields in different bins of azimuthal angle
relative to the reaction plane, as well as the resulting values of the Fourier
coefficient v as a function of the collision centrality and of the
J/ transverse momentum. The reaction plane has been estimated from the
azimuthal distribution of the neutral transverse energy detected in an
electromagnetic calorimeter. The analysis has been performed on a data sample
of about 100 000 events, distributed in five centrality or p
sub-samples. The extracted v values are significantly larger than zero
for non-central collisions and are seen to increase with p.Comment: proceedings of HP08 conference corrected a typo in one equatio
The dependence of the anomalous J/psi suppression on the number of participant nucleons
The observation of an anomalous J/psi suppression in Pb-Pb collisions by the NA50 Collaboration can be considered as the most striking indication for the deconfinement of quarks and gluons at SPS energies. In this Letter, we determine the J/psi suppression pattern as a function of the forward hadronic energy E-ZDC measured in a Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC). The direct connection between EZDC and the geometry of the collision allows us to calculate, within a Glauber approach, the precise relation between the number of participant nucleons N-part and E-ZDC. Then, we check if the experimental data can be better explained by a sudden or a smooth onset of the anomalous J/psi suppression as a function of the number of participants. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Measurement of shower development and its Moli\`ere radius with a four-plane LumiCal test set-up
A prototype of a luminometer, designed for a future e+e- collider detector,
and consisting at present of a four-plane module, was tested in the CERN PS
accelerator T9 beam. The objective of this beam test was to demonstrate a
multi-plane tungsten/silicon operation, to study the development of the
electromagnetic shower and to compare it with MC simulations. The Moli\`ere
radius has been determined to be 24.0 +/- 0.6 (stat.) +/- 1.5 (syst.) mm using
a parametrization of the shower shape. Very good agreement was found between
data and a detailed Geant4 simulation.Comment: Paper published in Eur. Phys. J., includes 25 figures and 3 Table
A new measurement of J/psi suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon
We present a new measurement of J/psi production in Pb-Pb collisions at 158
GeV/nucleon, from the data sample collected in year 2000 by the NA50
Collaboration, under improved experimental conditions with respect to previous
years. With the target system placed in vacuum, the setup was better adapted to
study, in particular, the most peripheral nuclear collisions with unprecedented
accuracy. The analysis of this data sample shows that the (J/psi)/Drell-Yan
cross-sections ratio measured in the most peripheral Pb-Pb interactions is in
good agreement with the nuclear absorption pattern extrapolated from the
studies of proton-nucleus collisions. Furthermore, this new measurement
confirms our previous observation that the (J/psi)/Drell-Yan cross-sections
ratio departs from the normal nuclear absorption pattern for semi-central Pb-Pb
collisions and that this ratio persistently decreases up to the most central
collisions.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Eur. Phys. J.
Bottomonium and Drell-Yan production in p-A collisions at 450 GeV
The NA50 Collaboration has measured heavy-quarkonium production in p-A
collisions at 450 GeV incident energy (sqrt(s) = 29.1 GeV). We report here
results on the production of the Upsilon states and of high-mass Drell-Yan muon
pairs (m > 6 GeV). The cross-section at midrapidity and the A-dependence of the
measured yields are determined and compared with the results of other
fixed-target experiments and with the available theoretical estimates. Finally,
we also address some issues concerning the transverse momentum distributions of
the measured dimuons.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Phys. Lett.
Centrality Behaviour of J/ Production in Na50
The J/ production in 158 A GeV Pb-Pb interactions is studied, in the
dimuon decay channel, as a function of centrality, as measured with the
electromagnetic or with the very forward calorimeters. After a first sharp
variation at mid centrality, both patterns continue to fall down and exhibit a
curvature change at high centrality values. This trend excludes any
conventional hadronic model and is in agreement with a deconfined quark-gluon
phase scenario. We report also preliminary results on the measured charged
multiplicity, as given by a dedicated detector.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures (in eps) talk given at XXXI International
Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Sep. 1-7, 2001, Datong China URL
http://ismd31.ccnu.edu.cn
Observation of two new baryon resonances
Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding
to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb recorded by the LHCb experiment.
In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content are
expected in this mass region: the spin-parity and
states, denoted and .
Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass
differences and the width of the heavier state to be
MeV,
MeV,
MeV, where the first and second
uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the
lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of
MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative
production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Feasibility studies of the time-like proton electromagnetic form factor measurements with PANDA at FAIR
The possibility of measuring the proton electromagnetic form factors in the
time-like region at FAIR with the \PANDA detector is discussed. Detailed
simulations on signal efficiency for the annihilation of into a
lepton pair as well as for the most important background channels have been
performed. It is shown that precision measurements of the differential cross
section of the reaction can be obtained in a wide
angular and kinematical range. The individual determination of the moduli of
the electric and magnetic proton form factors will be possible up to a value of
momentum transfer squared of (GeV/c). The total cross section will be measured up to (GeV/c).
The results obtained from simulated events are compared to the existing data.
Sensitivity to the two photons exchange mechanism is also investigated.Comment: 12 pages, 4 tables, 8 figures Revised, added details on simulations,
4 tables, 9 figure
An Evaluation of 10 Percent and 20 Percent Benzocaine Gels in Patients With Acute Toothaches: Efficacy, Tolerability and Compliance With Label Dose Administration Directions
Background
The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain.
Methods
Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied.
Results
The responders’ rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less.
Conclusions
Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants.
Practical Implications
Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely
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